Introduction

Hello Mobafire! This is my first guide, so leave me some feedback if you enjoy it or see ways for me to improve it. I decided to make a Cho'Gath build guide because I have been doing very well with Cho'Gath with other people's builds but wanted to branch off and make my own. Why do I think I'm qualified to make this guide? I think my match history speaks for itself:

Please, don't give me too hard of a time, again, this is my first attempt at making a build and it might need some obvious work that I somehow missed in the various "how to make a guide" guides. If so, comment and tell me what it is!
Advice for new players
If you haven't already, read Egypsian_Lover's very excellent Karma guide, at the very least the General Game Basics section. Even if you've been playing a while, it will make you a better player with any champ.
Runes
Greater Mark of Insight 9 magic penetration from level 1 gives you a pretty significant damage boost on your
Vorpal Spikes early game.
Greater Seal of Endurance You are pretty much the ultimate health-based tank. For that reason, a 4.5% boost to your max health can be around a 325 health boost late game. That is a huge difference for a rune.
Greater Glyph of Intellect I've started using flat mana glyphs on
Cho'Gath because he is highly mana dependent early game. 101.25 extra mana at the start of the game allows you to stay in lane and farm longer than you would be able to otherwise.
Greater Quintessence of Endurance Yet another 325 health boost late game.
Masteries
These masteries allow Cho'Gath to be incredibly tanky while still dishing out some solid damage.
Again, a disclaimer, I am not level 30 and thus cannot tell you if these masteries are optimal.
Items
Core Build
These two items are essential to most tanks. Merc Treads because your tank can't bother anybody when they can't catch/attack them, and Warmog's because it is quite simply the best health item.
Starting items
OR
Why start with
Doran's Ring? Because it gives you an extra little bit of tankiness until very late game and because the AP and mana regen are very useful for early game success. Take this if you have a solo lane.
Why start with
Doran's Shield? Because it's an excellent starting item for tanks in general, buy this if you have a lane partner who can dish out the damage while you take the hits for them.
First Trip Back
After a while, you really need to go back for mana. If you kill an opposing champ, go back right then. Otherwise, stay out until they go back to base or until you are waiting on your mana regen to be able to do damage.
When you go back, you need boots. At the very least, grab
Boots of Speed, if you can, get
Mercury's Treads because the tenacity will save your voidian *** in a team fight and the magic resistance will save you from the enemy caster mid.
Second Trip Back
You want to get
Warmog's Armor as fast as you can. If by some black magic you have 3000 gold on your second trip back, add me in game, I'm putting you on my ranked team the second I hit level 30. If you don't, either get
Giant's Belt or the other two subitems, depending on how much cash you have.
Rod of Ages and Next Tanktastic Item
THEN
Now you're got some cash, a few kills, and the ganking stage has begun. You need more tankiness to survive, more AP to kill or severely injure your opponents, but damn could you use some more mana. Now let's think, what item solves all of these problems and in addition gets better as the match progresses? That's right,
Rod of Ages! After that, it's full on supertank time. Get
Frozen Heart. The mana is a godsend, as is the monstrous armor. The CDR lets you feast on squishies 20% more often while the AD carry is dealing damage 20% slower thanks to the other passive.
Late Game Items
The next items you want are either
Force of Nature or
Thornmail, followed by
rylia's crystal scepter. You want Rylia's for the AP boost, the extra tankiness, and to boost the slow of your
Rupture. You want
Force of Nature against heavy AP teams for the massive Magic Resist, not to mention the excellent health regen boost; with your huge amount of health you will have +22 health/second just from the % health restore. However, if you are up against a lot of AD, buy a
Thornmail instead, the huge armor boost, while amazing, is nothing compared to it's amazing passive: making AD carries commit suicide.
Summoner Spells
Good Summoner Spells
Ignite is really useful on Cho'Gath, as it lets you finish off those evil little squishies who heal an instant before you eat them alive, just ignite the little b*stard and watch them burn. That's what they get for stealing that stack from Cho'Zilla.
Your other spell should be an escape mechanism.
Teleport is really useful throughout the game, as it lets you provide assistance to your teammates when your lane opponents go mia and turn up on the other side of the map to gank your carry.
Teleport can also help you get back into the action after you go back to base to heal.
Playstyle
Early Game: Levels 1-5
Grab
Rupture and your
Doran's Ring/
Doran's Shield and go bot with your team's ranged ad carry, or solo top if both teams have a jungler. There are a few different posible types of champs you may face. You will probably find either a carry and a support, a single carry (solo top), or a carry and a tank. If you're up against a support, decide with your carry if you want to take out the support first to remove the carry's healing, or the carry to take the pressure off of bot lane. If you're up against a carry and a tank, ALWAYS focus the carry, focusing the tank is exactly what he wants you to do because you'll use all your abilities and mana on him and not have enough left over to slaughter the carry. Don't do that. Focus the carry, then kill the tank on your own good time.
Summary
Cho'Gath is a very solid tank who can be played in a lot of different ways. Personally I love being able to sustain and deal a ton of damage, and having 6k+ health, a lot of armor and MR, and 750 instant targeted true damage every 48 seconds does that very well. I hope you've enjoyed my guide, please comment and vote!
Change Log
2/13/2012 - Created guide
3/4/2012 - Finished my rune page, added my experience with how much of a difference they make
3/5/2012 - Added change log
3/5/2012 - The stupid editor glitched when publishing, and I now have to rewrite the rune section, this shouldn't take too long
3/6/2012 - All new runes, refresh to the items section, added core build and another starting item, rewrote Summoner Spells section, Playstyle section, and the Summary, changed skill sequence as I have gotten better at landing
Rupture
3/12/2012 -
Re-enabled require comment to vote cause all you ***** downvoters don't have the balls to show your faces cause you can't give a legit reason for downvoting. MobaFire, please don't force that option off at 20 votes. It's the only thing that keeps the system honest.
3/12/2012 - Cho'Gath is now chargin' his lazor in the intro.