Flat magic penetration is applied directly to your magical abilities. These abilities will deal damage to your target as though he has less magic resist than he really does, but will never bring an opponent below 0 magic resist. For example, if a target has 20 magic resist and you have 5 magic penetration, you would deal damage as though the target had 15 magic resist. If you had 50 magic penetration against the same target, you would deal damage as though he had 0 magic resist.
Percent magic penetration applies its benefits after flat magic penetration. For example if you fight a target with 120 magic resist while you have 20 flat magic penetration and 40% magic penetration, you would deal damage to your target as though he had 60 magic resist.
Resist reduction and resist penetration are applied in this order:
1. Percent reduction (Bushwhack / Pounce)
2. Flat reduction (Cursed Touch, Abyssal Scepter, etc)
3. Flat penetration (Sorcerer's Shoes, Archaic Knowledge Mastery, Runes of Insight)
4. Percent penetration (Void Staff)
(note: not sure of the order of 1 and 2 since the patch notes only mention a change to the order in which penetration is applied, not reduction).
Numbers 1 and 2 will visibly affect a target's armor/resist values in their stat display. While 3 and 4 apply further reduction in much the same way, players will only see a change in damage dealt; there will be no visible change in the target's armor/resist in the stats display. Also note that armor/resist reduction is able to lower an enemy's armor/resist values below zero, but penetration can only penetrate armor/resist up to zero and no further.
Stacking Magic Percent Penetration will yield diminishing results as it stacks multiplicatively and not additively. Archaic Knowledge and Void Staff would grant 49% Penetration and not 55%.
Magic reduction is generally an aura from items, so it applies to all the enemies in a range around you and benefits teammates.
Credit to RobertMeta from LC.
Percent magic penetration applies its benefits after flat magic penetration. For example if you fight a target with 120 magic resist while you have 20 flat magic penetration and 40% magic penetration, you would deal damage to your target as though he had 60 magic resist.
Resist reduction and resist penetration are applied in this order:
1. Percent reduction (Bushwhack / Pounce)
2. Flat reduction (Cursed Touch, Abyssal Scepter, etc)
3. Flat penetration (Sorcerer's Shoes, Archaic Knowledge Mastery, Runes of Insight)
4. Percent penetration (Void Staff)
(note: not sure of the order of 1 and 2 since the patch notes only mention a change to the order in which penetration is applied, not reduction).
Numbers 1 and 2 will visibly affect a target's armor/resist values in their stat display. While 3 and 4 apply further reduction in much the same way, players will only see a change in damage dealt; there will be no visible change in the target's armor/resist in the stats display. Also note that armor/resist reduction is able to lower an enemy's armor/resist values below zero, but penetration can only penetrate armor/resist up to zero and no further.
Stacking Magic Percent Penetration will yield diminishing results as it stacks multiplicatively and not additively. Archaic Knowledge and Void Staff would grant 49% Penetration and not 55%.
Magic reduction is generally an aura from items, so it applies to all the enemies in a range around you and benefits teammates.
Credit to RobertMeta from LC.
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and does the %pen from masteries stack with void staff?