Not a very extensive guide, but one that has worked very well for me recently. I'm no pro, but this guide gets me a very good win/loss ratio.
I've tried other builds and most seem really lack-luster until mid/late game. However, this build, for me, feels strong the whole way through.
My elo was around 950 (Don't let this put you off... xD) but now it's 1200 dince I haven't touched it. I haven't got a clue if this works in ranked but it sure works on solo queue noraml games.
I haven't got 'proper' runes myself, so for the purposes of this build, you don't really need them (don't get me wrong, they're great and a very good bonus!). I have a random collection of runes from when I didn't know any better.

FARMING.
Ideally for this build to work, you need mid.
Farming is key to this build; most builds don't level Q first, however, I feel it is his most powerful skill. When you have your rabadons, you should be able to kill the caster minions simply with your Wild cards and leaving the armoured minions ripe for a 'red card'. So after you have your rabadons, or maybe even before... You CS should start sky rocketing which means you should finish this build extremely quickly.

AP vs AD:
As I said, I'm no pro. I've recently seen many pros use AD on TF (namely HSGG...). I feel AD is much better suited for other characters and should be left for them. TF, for me is an assassin and AP makes him the most efficient. AD feels weak early game, and you get harrassed more efficiently then you yourself can harass.

Range: Your wild cards have an amazing range, exploit this. Also, there are 3 sets that come out, because of this, you will tend to get random kills that you did not intend to get. Just sayin', that's a perk :) You will out-range most champions, and this long range, also keeps TF in safety as he's kinda squishy.

CV: Now, a lot of you may be thinking: why take CV on TF? Simply put: I have played only a few normal solo queue games where other have taken this (Even if they are a support!). However, I have also played a lot of games, where most the summoners take heal (highlighting their badness). CV Can show these bad teammates upcoming ganks and is also a great scouting tool. Also, it can show you low health champions so you don't have to waste your ultimate.

Late Game Carnage:
Lategame you should be able to 1v1 any squishy with this build complete. Not much more I can say about this.

Pick a Card + Stacked Deck + Lichbane + 600ap = Massive Damage. And all in 1 hit. Follow this up with wildcards means leaving a squishy with 10% HP (usually)

Grab boots and 3 Health pots. At level 1, all you can really do is last hit with blue/red card. Don't waste too much mana at level 1 as you will need it for level 4 (when the fun begins). When you have reached level 2, you can then sit back a little and spam Wild Cards to last hit and light harass (keeping your mana up with Blue card). At level 3 you can begin to harass with stacked deck + gold card combo (as these bonus damages stack). This will give you the opportunity to get in a few auto attacks and 'wild cards'. Level 4 is when your wildcards start hurting; make sure you make your opponent back at around this stage (preferably close to level 6). So during level 5, you objectives are farming and getting your lane opponent to back before you hit 6.
Level 6: What you do now is call your side lanes to let their opponents push a little. You then prepare a goldcard and use your ultimate to get behind the opponents and unleash hell on them. This is ALMOST a guaranteed kill every time (if you have competent team mates). Before you do this you must make sure midlane is pushed and therefore no damage will be inflicted upon the tower.

When team-fights start erupting, your job is to poke beforehand with wild cards. This means that when your team or the enemy does initiate, you already have the health advantage. Once the fight does start, you stay at the back of your team, stunning or slowing whenever possible and spamming wild cards. Try to stun their carries as this will massively reduce enemy teams damage output.
If you get low (and have your ultimate up), blue pill back to base immediately and prepare a gold card. You then ultimate to the fleeing (hopefully) enemy and pick as many of them off as you can.

Killing towers/inhibitors/nexus:
With lichbane, AP TF is a great tower killer. Just keep spamming blue cards on it with the lichbane proc active. Remember, you can shoot off random wild cards to also set off the lichbane proc.

That's it for now, I'll hopefully add stuff soon... Let me know how you get on.
Sorry for no fancy stuff in this guide... that takes too long. This is meant to be a simple build...

Thanks.