I think it also depends on which kind of champion you feel more comfortable playing with, apart from the role they have in matches. I started playing with mages (Ahri, Morgana, Lux), because their mechanics were easy to learn; but i also found marksmen like Ashe or Miss Fortune pretty good to start with. Didn't really like playing melee (physical) champions back then.
I recommend you to play CO-OP VS AI (bots games)or using the Training Tool. Keep an eye to the weekly free rotation so you can try different champions even without owning them. ARAMS are pretty good for that as well, but can be a bit overwhelming to start with.
one thing that i think helped me a lot was just to play a bunch of ARAM games. you get to play a number of different characters and you have to read and look at the players mechanics on the spot throughout the match. the build might not be the best but at least you see what the kit is like and eventually you find some characters that you like and want to further develop.
Teemo is our lord and saviour he is quite an easy champ to learn but once you master him you are a force to be reckoned with. Personally teemo is a good character to start with.
Hummm, there are many roles to start with, but I'd recommend some champion that are basic on gameplay such as Ashe to learn kiting, Garen to learn trading, Miss Fortune to learn farming and Warwick to learn jungling. Those champions can help you learn those mechanics quite quick, just don't rush and forget to train those things, they are 80% of the things that make a great player.
I recommend you to play CO-OP VS AI (bots games)or using the Training Tool. Keep an eye to the weekly free rotation so you can try different champions even without owning them. ARAMS are pretty good for that as well, but can be a bit overwhelming to start with.
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TOP: Garen, Teemo
JG: Warwick, kayn
MID: Veigar, Lux
ADC: Ashe
SUP: Morgana
I think this is a good list to you can start play
Any opinion you can say here :D