1. Dont stand/be near minions. Chogat’s e will only activate if he can AA anything or anyone other than you, in this case minsions, plus its easier to dodge hiq q when no minions in your left and righr.
2. Use your range against him. Hitting him with 1 or 2 attack once in a while will hurt him no matter what. And yes he can heal that off on cs but poking will build up.
3. Use your mushrooms defensively. Scatter them near your usual places. Its still better to not die than make him go to base.
4. USE YOUR PASSIVE. While you are stealthed, you can move AND be hit by spells, although not recommended, so theres that.
I will edit this when im not in phone.

on short, take another champion against him.
Cho is one of things you don't really can trade after few levels as teemo, i mean you can, but you lose. Best option is just to farm and roam on other lanes, wait for bot to switch lanes or ask your junglers for ganks.
Tl:dr you dont win 1v1
edit: btw very important, dodge his Q or you dead.

Take advantage of your range advantage in this matchup by harassing him whenever he walks up to CS. Even though he heals off CSing, your harass matters because eventually he'll be too scared to walk up to CS, making his passive sustain irrelevant.

Most of the time, you can just push up towards his tower and harass him under tower since he'll have no viable way to retaliate if you do that. What I mean is, if he uses his Q to trade back with you when pushed up or to CS, it'll most likely hit the minion wave which will accelerate/start a push toward your tower, which isn't good for him because then he can't walk up safely because of a jungler threat. Obviously, you'd only want to do this when you know it's safe to: get vision set up and see where the enemy jungler is before making your move.

Of course, play around what he builds (although this can only be done to a degree).

I recommend watching this video:
by Skill Capped Challenger

It may be different champions and lanes, but the concepts behind the moves are similar/the same.

Accept that he beats you (especially after six) so play that way.
Only use W defensively, try to use the slow on your shrooms and just dont engage too much, and never engage with W.

Cho is an tank who heals when he cs's, so he has quite a bit of sustain, try to keep an eye on his build. Some people (especially in lower elo) stick to builds that get reccomanded.
So in cho's case its likely he wont get any MR untill his first item gets completed, which is something you can try to exploit a bit.

W when he Q's to avoid his knockup (unless you feel he may flash R or get help from his jungler), Q his E (not sure if that works since I dont play against Teemo often when I play cho but Cho's E is based on AA's)and try to play around the slow your shrooms provide, when you get him low try to ping your jungler, generally they tend to like easy to gank lanes so if you make it easy for them they'll retrurn.
And take TP, your in an losing matchup so trying to go with ignite is pointless and pretty much can lose you the lane on itself if he gets a kill and you lose out on too much cs.

Cho generally has an good winrate against Teemo though, his R is super strong so just play safe, base early!!!!!!!!!! Dont stay in lane with half your hp, he'll just eat you over and over and over again.

Another general tip, just spam cho for a while so you know how he feels to play, when he wants to R, what kind of hp treshhold his ult needs to be able to eat you ect.

Not sure if this is the type of advice your looking for since this may be pretty basic stuff but yea, hope it helps either way.

Edit; Forgot to mention.. Nullifying orb Rune helps with Cho's R, and so does hexdrinker.