Rod of Ages is a pretty bad item for Twisted Fate. His laning isn't really good as it is and he looks for the early-mid-game advantages when he gets Destiny. A catalyst the protector doesn't give him any great combat stats and, to be quite frank, there are far better items that can complete his set.

Athene's Unholy Grail/ Morellonomicon
Zhonya's Hourglass
Rabadon's Deathcap
Void Staff
Lich Bane
Sorcerer's Shoes

The shoes might be interchangeable with Mercury's Treads or Ninja Tabi, but this is basically the 6-item core build of Twisted Fate. Deathfire Grasp isn't really a great item either, but it's been used in the past. Twin Shadows use to be very popular, but I don't really see what item you'd drop in order to put it in any more.

Lich Bane NEVER loses relevance, since it amplifies your damage to structures as well.

Your masteries are pretty messy. You missed out on Devastating Strikes and you don't need Expose Weakness as a solo laner, Fury since you already have an AS buff and Double-Edged Sword is really risky when you mostly have single target damage. Utility specs are kinda meh. Passable, but wouldn't really recommend it. Summoner's Insight knocks down a good number off your summoner spells and you really don't need Strength of Spirit - you shouldn't be building enough mana for this to be of any use. Keep it 21/0/9. There's no point speccing past 21 points in a tree.

Runes are iffy too. Magic Resist Seals are pretty trash - you're better off with HP or HP per level. If you want Magic Resist, it's better off being in Glyphs.

Your matchups don't seem that solid to me either. Generally anyone who has a gap close will give Twisted Fate trouble, so Ahri, Katarina and Diana are actually also quite hard counters to him in the same way as Fizz. If you don't gold card a Katarina in her ult quickly enough, she'll kill you if you don't have Zhonya's Hourglass and even then you'll probably die. That's basically a 1/3 chance if you weren't keep track of which card you had up last. Ahri can use ult to instantly Charm you and Diana will just keep bullying you if she lands a Q. Twisted Fate is picked more for his map control rather than his lane presence, so most matchups tend not to favour him.

It seems you don't really have a firm grasp of the basics of Twisted Fate, so I would advise you not to write a guide until you've learnt a bit more.

I think I just had Lich Bane on my mind at the time. The Rod of Ages is there mostly because it's a good health AP item for early game. NT is for early starters to bolster the damage of Lich Bane. It was the item I started out with as TF and I felt like it helped me get into the character more. The extra basic attack damage becomes huge combo'd with a blue card, stacked desk and a lich Bane. It also forces you to get closer to the champions to attack (when usually you only have to be at that range for a pick a card. Basically forcing you to get better at dodging skillshots. Out of the frying pan, into the fire.

"But he really doesn't need the extra mana." - What's the purpose of RoA then?

"The Lich bane is there because I always found that when I started having it was a huge boost to my attack damage." - I've never mentioned LB in my comment?! I've talked about NT not fitting into any TF build ...

Cheers for the input @emoriam! The Lich bane is there because I always found that when I started having it was a huge boost to my attack damage. It's still an in progress guide but I thought there was enough there to help people get started with TF. Also, AUG is really good for TF in terms of the magic resist. But he really doesn't need the extra mana. Also, the first build is really for people who are below level 15 ish because The overall skill of the people you'd be facing doesn't require something like Zhonya's until late game. Overall I myself even build RoA quite regularly now anyway if I'm facing a Katarina but not many others. Not even Fizz. And I always found that by forcing myself to be quick and be close enough to make use of Lich Bane helped me a lot in terms of dodging skillshots. Or even stopping a Katarina ult.

I also took your advice and added a chapter on the use of Destiny! I think there might be some other things I could add later though.

I agree on the Build 2 and 3 but I entirely disagree on Build 1 as a build for new players. NT forces Twisted Fate into AA range often and RoA is kinda okay (I see your purpose on buying it) but I feel like AUG fits laning against an AP matchup way better.

"A starter guide" should definitely include content about Gameplay and on how to use TF's ultimate!